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SC.CC.RST.11-12.Reading Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects

Reading Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects

Craft and Structure

RST.11-12.4. Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11-12 texts and topics.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations

SC.H.B.BIOLOGY 1

BIOLOGY 1

BIOLOGY

H.B-5. The student will demonstrate an understanding of biological evolution and the diversity of life.

H.B-5.1. Summarize the process of natural selection.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification

H.B-5.3. Explain how diversity within a species increases the chances of its survival.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification

H.B-5.4. Explain how genetic variability and environmental factors lead to biological evolution.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Evolution and classification

ENERGY TRANSFER

H.B.3. The student will demonstrate the understanding that all essential processes within organisms require energy which in most ecosystems is ultimately derived from the Sun and transferred into chemical energy by the photosynthetic organisms of that ecosystem.

H.B.3A. Conceptual Understanding: Cells transform energy that organisms need to perform essential life functions through a complex sequence of reactions in which chemical energy is transferred from one system of interacting molecules to another. Students who demo

H.B.3A.2. Develop and revise models to describe how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

Vocabulary Terms Photosynthesis and respiration

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Photosynthesis and respiration

H.B.3A.4. Develop models of the major inputs and outputs of cellular respiration (aerobic and anaerobic) to exemplify the chemical process in which the bonds of food molecules are broken, the bonds of new compounds are formed and a net transfer of energy results. U

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes

H.B.3A.5. Plan and conduct scientific investigations or computer simulations to determine the relationship between variables that affect the processes of fermentation and/or cellular respiration in living organisms and interpret the data in terms of real-world phen

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES

H.B.1. The student will use the science and engineering practices, including the processes and skills of scientific inquiry, to develop understandings of science content.

H.B.1A. Conceptual Understanding: The practices of science and engineering support the development of science concepts, develop the habits of mind that are necessary for scientific thinking, and allow students to engage in science in ways that are similar to thos

H.B.1A.3. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to answer questions, test hypotheses, and develop explanations: (1) formulate scientific questions and testable hypotheses based on credible scientific information, (2) identify materials, procedures,

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The science of biology

ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS

H.B.6. The student will demonstrate an understanding that ecosystems are complex, interactive systems that include both biological communities and physical components of the environment.

H.B.6B. Conceptual Understanding: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are important components of the carbon cycle, in which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and geosphere through chemical, physical, geological, and biological pr

H.B.6B.1. Develop and use models of the carbon cycle, which include the interactions between photosynthesis, cellular respiration and other processes that release carbon dioxide, to evaluate the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on natural and agricu

Vocabulary Terms Ecology I

Vocabulary Terms Ecology II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Ecology II

HEREDITY-INHERITANCE AND VARIATION OF TRAITS

H.B.4. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the specific mechanisms by which characteristics or traits are transferred from one generation to the next via genes.

H.B.4A. Conceptual Understanding: Each chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule. Each gene on the chromosome is a particular segment of DNA. The chemical structure of DNA provides a mechanism that ensures that information is preserved and transferred to subse

H.B.4A.1. Develop and use models at different scales to explain the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits transferred from parent to offspring.

Vocabulary Terms Genetics and heredity I

Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Genetics and heredity I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

H.B.4A.2. Develop and use models to explain how genetic information (DNA) is copied for transmission to subsequent generations of cells (mitosis).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

H.B.4B. Conceptual Understanding: In order for information stored in DNA to direct cellular processes, a gene needs to be transcribed from DNA to RNA and then must be translated by the cellular machinery into a protein or an RNA molecule. The protein and RNA prod

H.B.4B.2. Obtain, evaluate and communicate information on how biotechnology (including gel electrophoresis, plasmid-based transformation and DNA fingerprinting) may be used in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and forensic science.

Vocabulary Terms DNA technology/genetic engineering

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game DNA technology/genetic engineering

H.B.4C. Conceptual Understanding: Sex cells are formed by a process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is halved after replication. With the exception of sex chromosomes, for each chromosome in the body cells of a multicellular organism,

H.B.4C.1. Develop and use models of sex cell formation (meiosis) to explain why the DNA of the daughter cells is different from the DNA of the parent cell.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

H.B.4C.3. Construct explanations for how meiosis followed by fertilization ensures genetic variation among offspring within the same family and genetic diversity within populations of sexually reproducing organisms.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

H.B.4D. Conceptual Understanding: Imperfect transmission of genetic information may have positive, negative, or no consequences to the organism. DNA replication is tightly regulated and remarkably accurate, but errors do occur and result in mutations which (rarel

H.B.4D.1. Develop and use models to explain how mutations in DNA that occur during replication (1) can affect the proteins that are produced or the traits that result and (2) may or may not be inherited.

Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

CELLS AS A SYSTEM

H.B.2. The student will demonstrate the understanding that the essential functions of life take place within cells or systems of cells.

H.B.2A. Conceptual Understanding: The essential functions of a cell involve chemical reactions that take place between many different types of molecules (including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) that are catalyzed by enzymes. Students who demo

H.B.2A.1. Construct explanations of how the structures of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA) are related to their functions in organisms.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

H.B.2B. Conceptual Understanding: Organisms and their parts are made of cells. Cells are the structural units of life and have specialized substructures that carry out the essential functions of life. Viruses lack cellular organization and therefore cannot indepe

H.B.2B.1. Develop and use models to explain how specialized structures within cells (including the nucleus, chromosomes, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and Golgi complex) interact to produce, modify, and transport proteins. Models should compare and

Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

H.B.2B.2. Collect and interpret descriptive data on cell structure to compare and contrast different types of cells (including prokaryotic versus eukaryotic, and animal versus plant versus fungal).

Vocabulary Terms Cell structure and function

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell structure and function

H.B.2B.3. Obtain information to contrast the structure of viruses from that of cells and to explain, in general, why viruses must use living cells to reproduce.

Vocabulary Terms Microorganisms I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Microorganisms I

H.B.2C. Conceptual Understanding: Transport processes which move materials into and out of the cell serve to maintain the homeostasis of the cell. Students who demonstrate this understanding can:

H.B.2C.1. Develop and use models to exemplify how the cell membrane serves to maintain homeostasis of the cell through both active and passive transport processes.

Vocabulary Terms Cell structure and function

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell structure and function

H.B.2C.2. Ask scientific questions to define the problems that organisms face in maintaining homeostasis within different environments (including water of varying solute concentrations).

Vocabulary Terms Human biology I

Vocabulary Terms Human biology II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Human biology II

H.B.2C.3. Analyze and interpret data to explain the movement of molecules (including water) across a membrane.

Vocabulary Terms Cell structure and function

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell processes

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell structure and function

H.B.2D. Conceptual Understanding: The cells of multicellular organisms repeatedly divide to make more cells for growth and repair. During embryonic development, a single cell gives rise to a complex, multicellular organism through the processes of both cell divis

H.B.2D.1. Construct models to explain how the processes of cell division and cell differentiation produce and maintain complex multicellular organisms.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

H.B.2D.2. Develop and use models to exemplify the changes that occur in a cell during the cell cycle (including changes in cell size, chromosomes, cell membrane/cell wall, and the number of cells produced) and predict, based on the models, what might happen to a ce

Vocabulary Terms Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

H.B.2D.3. Construct explanations for how the cell cycle is monitored by check point systems and communicate possible consequences of the continued cycling of abnormal cells.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Cell Reproduction

SC.H.C.CHEMISTRY 1

CHEMISTRY 1

SOLUTIONS, ACIDS, AND BASES

H.C.5. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature and properties of various types of chemical solutions.

H.C.5A. Conceptual Understanding: Solutions can exist in any of three physical states: gas, liquid, or solid. Solution concentrations can be expressed by specifying the relative amounts of solute and solvent. The nature of the solute, the solvent, the temperature

H.C.5A.1. Obtain and communicate information to describe how a substance can dissolve in water by dissociation, dispersion, or ionization and how intermolecular forces affect solvation.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Solutions

H.C.5A.4. Analyze and interpret data to describe the properties of acids, bases, and salts.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Acids, Bases and Salts

BONDING AND CHEMICAL FORMULAS

H.C.3. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structures and classification of chemical compounds.

H.C.3A. Conceptual Understanding: Elements are made up of only one kind of atom. With increasing atomic number, a predictable pattern for the addition of electrons exists. This pattern is the basis for the arrangement of elements in the periodic table. The chemic

H.C.3A.1. Construct explanations for the formation of molecular compounds via sharing of electrons and for the formation of ionic compounds via transfer of electrons.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Organic Chemistry

H.C.3A.2. Use the periodic table to write and interpret the formulas and names of chemical compounds (including binary ionic compounds, binary covalent compounds, and straight-chain alkanes up to six carbons).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Compounds - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Compounds - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations

H.C.3A.3. Analyze and interpret data to predict the type of bonding (ionic or covalent) and the shape of simple compounds by using the Lewis dot structures and oxidation numbers.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set II

H.C.3A.4. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to generate data on the properties of substances and analyze the data to infer the types of bonds (including ionic, polar covalent, and nonpolar covalent) in simple compounds.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Formulas and Bonding

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Organic Chemistry

SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES

H.C.1. The student will use the science and engineering practices, including the processes and skills of scientific inquiry, to develop understandings of science content.

H.C.1A. Conceptual Understanding: The practices of science and engineering support the development of science concepts, develop the habits of mind that are necessary for scientific thinking, and allow students to engage in science in ways that are similar to thos

H.C.1A.3. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to answer questions, test hypotheses, and develop explanations: (1) formulate scientific questions and testable hypotheses based on credible scientific information, (2) identify materials, procedures,

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations

H.C.1A.5. Use mathematical and computational thinking to (1) use and manipulate appropriate metric units, (2) express relationships between variables for models and investigations, and (3) use grade-level appropriate statistics to analyze data.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Measurements and Calculations

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

H.C.6. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the types, the causes, and the effects of chemical reactions.

H.C.6A. Conceptual Understanding: A chemical reaction occurs when elements and/or compounds interact, resulting in a rearrangement of the atoms of these elements and/or compounds to produce substances with unique properties. Mass is conserved in chemical reaction

H.C.6A.1. Develop and use models to predict the products of chemical reactions (1) based upon movements of ions; (2) based upon movements of protons; and (3) based upon movements of electrons.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium

H.C.6A.2. Use Le Châtelier’s principle to predict shifts in chemical equilibria resulting from changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium

H.C.6A.4. Use mathematical and computational thinking to predict the amounts of reactants required and products produced in specific chemical reactions.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Equations

STATES OF MATTER

H.C.4. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and behavior of the different states of matter.

H.C.4A. Conceptual Understanding: Matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and in very high-energy states, as plasma. In general terms, for a given chemical, the particles making up the solid are at a lower energy state than the liquid phase, which is at a lo

H.C.4A.3. Conduct controlled scientific investigations and use models to explain the behaviors of gases (including the proportional relationships among pressure, volume, and temperature).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game States of Matter

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Thermodynamics

ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND NUCLEAR PROCESSES

H.C.2. The student will demonstrate an understanding of atomic structure and nuclear processes.

H.C.2A. Conceptual Understanding: The existence of atoms can be used to explain the structure and behavior of matter. Each atom consists of a charged nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The interactions of these electrons between

H.C.2A.1. Obtain and communicate information to describe and compare subatomic particles with regard to mass, location, charge, electrical attractions and repulsions, and impact on the properties of an atom.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic and Nuclear Physics

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Elements - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Magnetism

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Nuclear Chemistry

H.C.2A.2. Use the Bohr and quantum mechanical models of atomic structure to exemplify how electrons are distributed in atoms.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set II

THERMOCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS

H.C.7. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conservation of energy and energy transfer.

H.C.7A. Conceptual Understanding: The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant. An energy diagram is used to represent changes in the energy of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Enthalpy refers to t

H.C.7A.1. Analyze and interpret data from energy diagrams and investigations to support claims that the amount of energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction depends on changes in total bond energy.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium

H.C.7A.3. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine the effects of temperature, surface area, stirring, concentration of reactants, and the presence of various catalysts on the rate of chemical reactions.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Kinetics and Equilibrium

H.C.7A.4. Develop and use models to explain the relationships between collision frequency, the energy of collisions, the orientation of molecules, activation energy, and the rates of chemical reactions.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Chemical Reactions

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Matter and Energy

SC.H.E.EARTH SCIENCE

EARTH SCIENCE

EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE-WEATHER AND CLIMATE

H.E.5. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere.

H.E.5A. Conceptual Understanding: Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location at a particular time. Weather is primarily determined by the angle and amount (time) of sunlight. Climate is the general weather conditions over a long period of

H.E.5A.1. Develop and use models to describe the thermal structures (including the changes in air temperature due to changing altitude in the lower troposphere), the gaseous composition, and the location of the layers of Earth’s atmosphere.

Vocabulary Terms Climate

Vocabulary Terms The Atmosphere

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Atmosphere

H.E.5A.2. Develop and use models to predict and explain how the angle of solar incidence and Earth’s axial tilt impact (1) the length of daylight, (2) the atmospheric filtration, (3) the distribution of sunlight in any location, and (4) seasonal changes.

Vocabulary Terms Climate

Vocabulary Terms The Sun-Earth-Moon System

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Sun-Earth-Moon System

H.E.5A.3. Analyze and interpret data to predict local and national weather conditions on the basis of the relationship among the movement of air masses, pressure systems, and frontal boundaries.

Vocabulary Terms Weather II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II

H.E.5A.4. Analyze and interpret data of pressure differences, the direction of winds, and areas of uneven heating to explain how convection determines local wind patterns (including land/sea breezes, mountain/valley breezes, Chinook winds, and monsoons).

Vocabulary Terms Weather I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather I

H.E.5A.5. Construct explanations for the formation of severe weather conditions (including tornadoes, hurricanes, thunderstorms, and blizzards) using evidence from temperature, pressure and moisture conditions.

Vocabulary Terms Weather II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II

H.E.5A.6. Develop and use models to exemplify how climate is driven by global circulation patterns.

Vocabulary Terms Climate

Vocabulary Terms Oceans

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans

H.E.5A.8. Analyze scientific arguments regarding the nature of the relationship between human activities and climate change.

Vocabulary Terms Climate

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate

EARTH’S GEOSHERE

H.E.3. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the internal and external dynamics of Earth’s geosphere.

H.E.3A. Conceptual Understanding: Evidence indicates Earth’s interior is divided into a solid inner core, a liquid outer core, a solid (but flowing) mantle and solid crust. Although the crust is solid, it is in constant motion and is recycled through time. Plate

H.E.3A.1. Analyze and interpret data to explain the differentiation of Earth’s internal structure using (1) the production of internal heat from the radioactive decay of unstable isotopes, (2) gravitational energy, (3) data from seismic waves, and (4) Earth’s magne

Vocabulary Terms Earths Crust

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earths Crust

H.E.3A.2. Analyze and interpret data from ocean topography, correlation of rock assemblages, the fossil record, the role of convection current, and the action at plate boundaries to explain the theory of plate tectonics.

Vocabulary Terms Earthquakes

Vocabulary Terms Plate Tectonics

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earthquakes

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Plate Tectonics

H.E.3A.3. Construct explanations of how forces cause crustal changes as evidenced in sea floor spreading, earthquake activity, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building using evidence of tectonic environments (such as mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones).

Vocabulary Terms Plate Tectonics

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Plate Tectonics

H.E.3A.4. Use mathematical and computational thinking to analyze seismic graphs to (1) triangulate the location of an earthquake’s epicenter and magnitude, and (2) describe the correlation between frequency and magnitude of an earthquake.

Vocabulary Terms Earthquakes

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earthquakes

H.E.3A.5. Analyze and interpret data to describe the physical and chemical properties of minerals and rocks and classify each based on the properties and environment in which they were formed.

Vocabulary Terms Minerals I

Vocabulary Terms Minerals II

Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set I

Vocabulary Terms Rocks - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Minerals I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Minerals II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rocks - Set II

H.E.3A.6. Develop and use models to explain how various rock formations on the surface of Earth result from geologic processes (including weathering, erosion, deposition, and glaciation).

Vocabulary Terms Earthquakes

Vocabulary Terms The Rock Cycle

Vocabulary Terms Weathering and Erosion

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Earthquakes

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Rock Cycle

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weathering and Erosion

H.E.3A.7. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine the factors that affect the rate of weathering.

Vocabulary Terms The Rock Cycle

Vocabulary Terms Weathering and Erosion

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Rock Cycle

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weathering and Erosion

H.E.3A.8. Analyze and interpret data of soil from different locations to compare the major physical components of soil (such as the amounts of sand, silt, clay, and humus) as evidence of Earth processes in that region producing each type of soil.

Vocabulary Terms Weathering and Erosion

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weathering and Erosion

H.E.3B. Conceptual Understanding: The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources. Human transformation of the natural environment can contribute to the frequency and intensity of

H.E.3B.1. Obtain and communicate information to explain how the formation, availability, and use of ores and fossil fuels impact the environment.

Vocabulary Terms The Atmosphere

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Atmosphere

H.E.3B.4. Obtain and evaluate available data on a current controversy regarding human activities which may affect the frequency, intensity, or consequences of natural hazards.

Vocabulary Terms Climate

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Climate

H.E.3B.5. Define problems caused by the impacts of locally significant natural hazards and design possible devices or solutions to reduce the impacts of such natural hazards on human activities.

Vocabulary Terms Weather II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather II

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES

H.E.1. The student will use the science and engineering practices, including the processes and skills of scientific inquiry, to develop understandings of science content.

H.E.1A. Conceptual Understanding: The practices of science and engineering support the development of science concepts, develop the habits of mind that are necessary for scientific thinking, and allow students to engage in science in ways that are similar to thos

H.E.1A.2. Develop, use, and refine models to (1) understand or represent phenomena, processes, and relationships, (2) test devices or solutions, or (3) communicate ideas to others.

Vocabulary Terms Maps as Models of the Earth

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Maps as Models of the Earth

H.E.1A.3. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to answer questions, test hypotheses, and develop explanations: (1) formulate scientific questions and testable hypotheses based on credible scientific information, (2) identify materials, procedures,

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab investigations

EARTH’S HYDROSPHERE

H.E.6. The student will demonstrate an understanding of Earth’s freshwater and ocean systems.

H.E.6A. Conceptual Understanding: Water is an essential resource on Earth. Organisms (including humans) on Earth depend on water for life. Its unique physical and chemical properties are important to the dynamics of Earth systems. Multiple factors affect the qual

H.E.6A.1. Analyze and interpret data to describe and compare the physical and chemical properties of saltwater and freshwater.

Vocabulary Terms Oceans

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans

H.E.6A.2. Obtain and communicate information to explain how location, movement, and energy transfers are involved in making water available for use on Earth’s surface (including lakes, surface-water drainage basins, freshwater wetlands, and groundwater zones).

Vocabulary Terms Weather I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Groundwater Resources

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weather I

H.E.6A.3. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine how a change in stream flow might affect areas of erosion and deposition of a meandering alluvial stream.

Vocabulary Terms Weathering and Erosion

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weathering and Erosion

H.E.6A.4. Analyze and interpret data of a local drainage basin to predict how changes caused by human activity and other factors influence the hydrology of the basin and amount of water available for use in the ecosystem.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Groundwater Resources

H.E.6A.5. Analyze and interpret data to describe how the quality of the water in drainage basins is influenced by natural and human factors (such as land use, domestic and industrial waste, weather/climate conditions, topography of the river channel, pollution, or

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Groundwater Resources

H.E.6A.7. Obtain and communicate information to explain how the convection of ocean water due to temperature and density influence the circulation of oceans.

Vocabulary Terms Oceans

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans

H.E.6A.8. Develop and use models to describe how waves and currents interact with the ocean shore.

Vocabulary Terms Oceans

Vocabulary Terms Weathering and Erosion

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Oceans

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Weathering and Erosion

EARTH’S PALEOBIOSPHERE

H.E.4. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the dynamic relationship between Earth’s conditions over geologic time and the diversity of organisms.

H.E.4A. Conceptual Understanding: Living things have changed the makeup of Earth’s geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere over geological time. Organisms ranging from bacteria to human beings may contribute to the global carbon cycle. They may influence the globa

H.E.4A.3. Construct explanations of how changes to Earth’s surface are related to changes in the complexity and diversity of life using evidence from the geologic time scale.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The History of Earth

H.E.4A.4. Obtain and evaluate evidence from rock and fossil records and ice core samples to support claims that Earth’s environmental conditions have changed over time.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Science of Earth Science

H.E.4A.5. Develop and use models of various dating methods (including index fossils, ordering of rock layers, and radiometric dating) to estimate geologic time.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II

H.E.4A.6. Use mathematical and computational thinking to calculate the age of Earth materials using isotope ratios (actual or simulated).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II

ASTRONOMY

H.E.2. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure, properties, and history of the observable universe.

H.E.2A. Conceptual Understanding: Earth is a tiny part of a vast universe that has developed over a huge expanse of time. At the center of Earth’s solar system is one local star, the Sun. It is just one of a vast number of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is

H.E.2A.1. Construct explanations for how gravity and motion affect the formation and shapes of galaxies (including the Milky Way Galaxy).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

H.E.2A.2. Use the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to classify stars and explain the life cycles of stars (including the Sun).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

H.E.2A.4. Construct and analyze scientific arguments to support claims about the origin of the universe (including the red shift of light from distant galaxies, the measured composition of stars and nonstellar gases, and the cosmic background radiation).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

H.E.2B. Conceptual Understanding: The solar system consists of the Sun and a collection of objects of varying sizes and conditions – including planets and their moons – that have predictable patterns of movement. These patterns can be explained by gravitational f

H.E.2B.2. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the properties and features of the moon to support claims that it is unique among other moons in the solar system in its effects on the planet it orbits.

Vocabulary Terms The Sun-Earth-Moon System

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The Sun-Earth-Moon System

H.E.2B.3. Use mathematical and computational thinking to explain the motion of an orbiting object in the solar system.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation

H.E.2B.4. Construct explanations for how the solar system was formed.

Vocabulary Terms Our Solar System

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Our Solar System

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game The History of Earth

SC.H.P.PHYSICS 1

PHYSICS 1

INTERACTIONS AND ENERGY

H.P.3. The student will demonstrate an understanding of how the interactions among objects can be explained and predicted using the concept of the conservation of energy.

H.P.3A. Conceptual Understanding: Work and energy are equivalent to each other. Work is defined as the product of displacement and the force causing that displacement; this results in the transfer of mechanical energy. Therefore, in the case of mechanical energy,

H.P.3A.1. Use mathematical and computational thinking to determine the work done by a constant force (W=Fd).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Work and Energy

H.P.3A.2. Use mathematical and computational thinking to analyze problems dealing with the work done on or by an object and its change in energy.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Work and Energy

H.P.3A.3. Obtain information to communicate how energy is conserved in elastic and inelastic collisions.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions

H.P.3A.4. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine the power output of the human body.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Work and Energy

H.P.3B. Conceptual Understanding: Mechanical energy refers to a combination of motion (kinetic energy) and stored energy (potential energy). When only conservative forces act on an object and when no mass is converted to energy, mechanical energy is conserved. Gr

H.P.3B.2. Use mathematical and computational thinking to argue the validity of the conservation of mechanical energy in simple systems and those with periodic motion and on which only conservative forces act (KE = ½ mv^2, PEg = mgh, PEe = ½ kx^2).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

H.P.3C. Conceptual Understanding: When there is a temperature difference between two objects, an interaction occurs in the form of a transfer of thermal energy (heat) from the hotter object to the cooler object. Thermal energy is the total internal kinetic energy

H.P.3C.1. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine the variables that affect the rate of heat transfer between two objects.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Properties of Matter

H.P.3C.2. Analyze and interpret data to describe the thermal conductivity of different materials.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Properties of Matter

H.P.3D. Conceptual Understanding: Sound is a mechanical, longitudinal wave that is the result of vibrations (kinetic energy) that transfer energy through a medium. Students who demonstrate this understanding can:

H.P.3D.1. Develop and use models (such as drawings) to exemplify the interaction of mechanical waves with different boundaries (sound wave interference) including the formation of standing waves and two-source interference patterns.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Sound

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vibrations and Waves

H.P.3D.2. Use the principle of superposition to explain everyday examples of resonance (including musical instruments and the human voice).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Sound

H.P.3D.3. Develop and use models to explain what happens to the observed frequency of a sound wave when the relative positions of an observer and wave source changes (Doppler effect).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Sound

H.P.3E. Conceptual Understanding: During electric circuit interactions, electrical energy (energy stored in a battery or energy transmitted by a current) is transformed into other forms of energy and transferred to circuit devices and the surroundings. Charged pa

H.P.3E.1. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine the relationship between the current and potential drop (voltage) across an Ohmic resistor. Analyze and interpret data to verify Ohm’s law, including constructing an appropriate graph in o

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electric Circuits

H.P.3E.2. Develop and use models (such as circuit drawings and mathematical representations) to explain how an electric circuit works by tracing the path of the electrons and including concepts of energy transformation, transfer, and the conservation of energy and

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electric Circuits

H.P.3E.3. Use mathematical and computational thinking to analyze problems dealing with current, electric potential, resistance, and electric charge.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electric Circuits

H.P.3E.6. Obtain and communicate information about the relationship between magnetism and electric currents to explain the role of magnets and coils of wire in microphones, speakers, generators, and motors.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electromagnetism

H.P.3E.7. Design a simple motor and construct an explanation of how this motor transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy and work.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electromagnetism

H.P.3F. Conceptual Understanding: During radiant energy interactions, energy can be transferred over long distances without a medium. Radiation can be modeled as an electromagnetic wave or as a stream of discrete packets of energy (photons); all radiation travels

H.P.3F.1. Construct scientific arguments that support the wave model of light and the particle model of light.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Light

H.P.3F.2. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to determine the interaction between the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various objects (including mirrors, lenses, barriers with two slits, and diffraction gratings) and to

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Optics

H.P.3F.4. Use mathematical and computational thinking to analyze problems that relate the frequency, period, amplitude, wavelength, velocity, and energy of light.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Light

H.P.3F.5. Obtain information to communicate the similarities and differences among the different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and gamma rays) and give examples of devices or phenomen

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Vibrations and Waves

H.P.3G. Conceptual Understanding: Nuclear energy is energy stored in an atom’s nucleus; this energy holds the atom together and is called binding energy. Binding energy is a reflection of the equivalence of mass and energy; the mass of any nucleus is always less

H.P.3G.1. Develop and use models to represent the basic structure of an atom (including protons, neutrons, electrons, and the nucleus).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Atomic Structure - Set II

H.P.3G.5. Obtain information to communicate how radioactive decay processes have practical applications (such as food preservation, cancer treatments, fossil and rock dating, and as radioisotopic medical tracers).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Fossils II

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES

H.P.1. The student will use the science and engineering practices, including the processes and skills of scientific inquiry, to develop understandings of science content.

H.P.1A. Conceptual Understanding: The practices of science and engineering support the development of science concepts, develop the habits of mind that are necessary for scientific thinking, and allow students to engage in science in ways that are similar to thos

H.P.1A.2. Develop, use, and refine models to (1) understand or represent phenomena, processes, and relationships, (2) test devices or solutions, or (3) communicate ideas to others.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II

H.P.1A.3. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations to answer questions, test hypotheses, and develop explanations: (1) formulate scientific questions and testable hypotheses based on credible scientific information, (2) identify materials, procedures,

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Lab Investigations

INTERACTIONS AND FORCES

H.P.2. The student will demonstrate an understanding of how the interactions among objects and their subsequent motion can be explained and predicted using the concept of forces.

H.P.2A. Conceptual Understanding: The linear motion of an object can be described by its displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Students who demonstrate this understanding can:

H.P.2A.1. Plan and conduct controlled scientific investigations on the straight-line motion of an object to include an interpretation of the object’s displacement, time of motion, constant velocity, average velocity, and constant acceleration.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mechanics

H.P.2A.3. Use mathematical and computational thinking to apply formulas related to an object’s displacement, constant velocity, average velocity and constant acceleration. Interpret the meaning of the sign of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mechanics

H.P.2A.4. Develop and use models to represent an object’s displacement, velocity, and acceleration (including vector diagrams, data tables, motion graphs, dot motion diagrams, and mathematical formulas).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mechanics

H.P.2A.5. Construct explanations for what is meant by “constant” velocity and “constant” acceleration (including writing descriptions of the object’s motion and calculating the sign and magnitude of the slope of the line on a position-time and velocity-time graph).

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mechanics

H.P.2A.6. Obtain information to communicate the similarities and differences between distance and displacement; speed and velocity; constant velocity and instantaneous velocity; constant velocity and average velocity; and velocity and acceleration.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Laws of Motion - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mechanics

H.P.2B. Conceptual Understanding: The interactions among objects and their subsequent motion can be explained and predicted by analyzing the forces acting on the objects and applying Newton’s laws of motion. Students who demonstrate this understanding can:

H.P.2B.10. Obtain information to communicate physical situations in which Newton’s Second Law of Motion does not apply.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Properties of Matter

H.P.2B.6. Construct scientific arguments to defend the use of the conservation of linear momentum in the investigation of traffic accidents in which the initial motions of the objects are used to determine the final motions of the objects.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions

H.P.2B.7. Apply physics principles to design a device that minimizes the force on an object during a collision and construct an explanation for the design.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Momentum and Collisions

H.P.2B.8. Develop and use models (such as a computer simulation, drawing, or demonstration) and Newton’s Second Law of Motion to construct explanations for why an object moving at a constant speed in a circle is accelerating.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation

H.P.2C. Conceptual Understanding: The contact interactions among objects and their subsequent motion can be explained and predicted by analyzing the normal, tension, applied, and frictional forces acting on the objects and by applying Newton’s Laws of Motion. Stu

H.P.2C.1. Use a free-body diagram to represent the normal, tension (or elastic), applied, and frictional forces on an object.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Mechanics

H.P.2C.4. Analyze and interpret data on force and displacement to determine the spring (or elastic) constant of an elastic material (Hooke’s Law, F=-kx), including constructing an appropriate graph in order to draw a line-of-best-fit whose calculated slope will yie

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

H.P.2D. Conceptual Understanding: The non-contact (at a distance) interactions among objects and their subsequent motion can be explained and predicted by analyzing the gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces acting on the objects and applying Newton’s laws

H.P.2D.10. Use mathematical and computational thinking to apply Fnet = ma to analyze problems involving non-contact interactions, including objects in free fall.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation

H.P.2D.3. Obtain information to communicate how long-term gravitational interactions govern the evolution and maintenance of large-scale structures in the universe (such as the solar system and galaxies) and the patterns of motion within them.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation

H.P.2D.5. Construct explanations for how the non-contact forces of gravity, electricity, and magnetism can be modeled as fields by sketching field diagrams for two given charges, two massive objects, or a bar magnet and use these diagrams to qualitatively interpret

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Magnetism

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation

H.P.2D.6. Use a free-body diagram to represent the gravitational force on an object.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Forces - Set II

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Rotational Motion/Universal Gravitation

H.P.2D.7. Use a free-body diagram to represent the electrical force on a charge.

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electricity and Electrical Energy - Set I

Quiz, Flash Cards, Worksheet, Game Electricity and Electrical Energy - Set II