Geographic Information
Social Studies, Grade 3
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Study Guide Geographic Information Social Studies, Grade 3
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LOCATE AND INTERPRET GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Geography is the study of the earth and how people live on it. Geographic information will help you to know more about the earth. Equator - an imaginary line around the widest part of the earth, used to help map the earth. Latitude – these imaginary lines were created by scientists to help measure and map out the earth. The lines of latitude go around the earth from east to west. The Equator is the line measured as 0 degrees; the lines go to the North Pole, from 0 to 90 degrees North Latitude, and to the South Pole, from 0 to 90 degrees South Latitude. Longitude - these imaginary lines were also created by scientists, but these go from top to bottom of the earth rather than around it. A single line of longitude starts at the North Pole and goes to the South Pole; the lines are called meridians and are spaced at 90 degree increments, going east or west from Greenwich, England. The Prime Meridian - an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole that passes through Greenwich, England. It is located at 0 degrees longitude. We use a point where longitude and latitude lines cross as a geographic address for a location. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Tropic of Cancer - a northern line at approximately 23.5º North latitude. When the sun is directly over this latitude on June 21 or 22, summer begins in the northern hemisphere Tropic of Capricorn - a southern line at 23.5º South latitude. When the sun is directly over this latitude, summer begins in the southern hemisphere. Tropical or Torrid Zone - all the area on the earth nearest the Equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and The Tropic of Capricorn which are always hot because the sun’s rays shine more directly. Temperate Zones - the areas north and south of the tropical zone. Temperate means they have hot summers, cold winters, and mild seasons in between Polar Zones - Very cold regions at the north and south poles. Landforms: Mountain - a high elevated part of land. It may have been formed by movement of the plates of rock in the earth or a volcano. Mountaintops are peaks, crests, summits. Mountain range - a long, connected chain of mountains and hills Hill - an elevated rounded part of land. A knob and a knoll are types of hills. Desert - very dry land that receives very little or no rainfall usually covered with rocks and stones or sand. Grassland - vast open land covered with grass. Plains, prairies, steppes, pampas, savannahs are grasslands. Valley - gently sloping depression between hills or mountains Canyon - deep, narrow valley with steep, rocky sides usually carved by a river. Gorges and ravines are canyons. Tundra - huge treeless plain bordering the Arctic ocean Island -a piece of land smaller than a continent but completely surrounded by water Peninsula - large piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides Delta - a fan shaped deposit of mud and sand found at the mouth of a river Plateau - large highland plain that rises sharply above the surrounding land © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Waterways: Ocean - entire body of salt water that covers almost three quarters of the earth’s surface Sea - large body of salt water that is smaller than an ocean Lake - large inland body of water River - a long, large, moving stream of water Gulf - a large area of ocean or sea partly enclosed by land. Bay - small area of sea or lake partly enclosed by land. Harbors, coves and inlets are bays. Stream - any body of flowing water. Brooks and creeks are streams. Glacier - a slowly moving river of ice Try this! Look at a map of the United States. Find the latitude and longitude for your city. Do you live near an ocean, lake, river, or gulf? Do you live near a mountain or valley? Is your city in a tropical, temperate, or polar zone? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
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