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Cells, tissues and organs

Science, Grade 5

Cells, tissues and organs

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Study Guide Cells, tissues and organs Science, Grade 5

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CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS Organelles A plant cell contains important organelles that each have different jobs to do in order to keep the plant alive and healthy. For example, photosynthesis takes place within the chloroplast of a plant cell. A plant cell (as well as animal cells) contains cytoplasm which supports and protects the organelles of the cell. The mitochondria of a plant cell breaks down sugar molecules into energy. The nucleus in the plant cell (and animal cell once again) is the control center of the cell, the nucleus controls all the cell’s activities – so obviously that is one important organelle. Plant and animal cells have many organelles in common, but plant cells have some organelles that an animal cell does not have (like a cell wall) and vice versa. Look at the diagram to compare which organelles occur in both plant and animals and which do not. Lesson Checkpoint: Name one organelle that you find in plant cells but NOT in animal cells. Other important cell organelles include chromosomes, which contains hereditary information and are found in the nucleus of a cell. The vacuole of a cell acts stores and breaks down materials within a cell. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Cells come in different shapes and sizes, but they can’t be too big or too small. If a cell was too large, then oxygen and important nutrients wouldn’t be able to make it to the middle of cell, causing the cell to die. If a cell was too small, it would not have room for all its organelles needed to have the cell function properly. Why do shapes come in different shapes and sizes? Because they have different jobs to do. For example, nerve cells branch out, like in the following picture. This shape helps nerve communicate with the brain by sending signals to/from the brain to our bodies. Other cells, like skin cells, are flat which allow them to pile up and overlap each other covering large areas. Skin cells are flat. Still other cells, are round. Being round allows red blood cells to carry oxygen all throughout our bodies. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Cells also have different structures, such as hair, which allow them to do their job properly. Some cells are covered with hair called cilia which can be found in different areas of your body, such as your ears and lungs. Lesson Checkpoint: What shape is a red blood cell? Energy for Cells Cells need ENERGY to do all this work. Cellular respiration is the process where cells turn food into usable energy. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

What else do cells do? When similar cells group together and work together for the same purpose, they form tissues. For example, skin tissues protect our bodies from dirt and germs getting inside our bodies. Nerve tissue helps us feel things, such as if something is hot or cold. Now when a group of tissues work together for one reason, they form an organ. Your heart, lungs, stomach, and even skin are all organs. Body Systems Now, when organs and tissues work together to carry out essential processes needed for our survival, they form a system. Our bodies have many systems including our skeletal, muscular, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems – just to name a few. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Your circulatory system is powered by your heart. The job of the circulatory system’s job is to move food and oxygen throughout your body and to rid your body of wastes, such as carbon dioxide, through your blood. Your blood is made up of different types of cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body (as was mentioned earlier) and white blood cells help protect your body from germs and sicknesses. Even pieces of cells help us out…can you believe that? It’s true. Platelets are pieces of cells that stop the bleeding in a vessel that gets cut, it clots the blood so that not too much blood is lost. How does blood get around the body? Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to your body. Arteries have thick walls. Capillaries are the smallest of blood vessels. Capillaries have very thin walls. Oxygen moves from blood in your capillaries to your cells – which is important because cells need oxygen to live! Capillaries form together to form veins. Veins are made of blood vessels, carry blood TO the heart, have thinner walls than arteries, and have valves (arteries do not have valves). Valves are flaps that only allow blood to flow in one direction. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Lesson Checkpoint: What is the job of your circulatory system? Respiratory System Your mouth, trachea, lungs, and heart make up your respiratory system, which is the system in charge of taking oxygen into your body and getting carbon dioxide out of your body. When you breath in – that stuff called mucus that you may think is gross – helps you out! Mucus traps dirt and germs in your nasal passages so the dirt and germs do not go any further into your body! So maybe mucus isn’t so gross anymore, is it? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Your respiratory system helps you do something important – BREATHE! The oxygen you breathe in through your nose or mouth follows the same pathway right into your lungs. Oxygen travels from your mouth  to the back of your throat  to the larynx  down your trachea  through tubes called bronchi (which lead into your lungs)  into smaller tubes called bronchioles  to air sacs. It is in the air sacs where oxygen enters your blood and where carbon dioxide leaves your blood. Lesson Checkpoint: What is the job of your respiratory system? Digestive System If you like eating, then we should discuss your digestive system. Your mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines help make up your digestive system. After chewing food in your mouth and swallowing, food goes down through your esophagus into your stomach. But that is not where the majority of the digestion happens! Digestion occurs mostly in your small intestines. Lesson Checkpoint: Where does the majority of your food digestion occur? Urinary System Lastly, when you have to go, you have to go… Your urinary system rids your body of waste that can poison your body. Your kidneys remove waste from your blood. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.

Cells, tissues and organs

Science, Grade 5

Cells, tissues and organs

Study Guide

Cells, tissues and organs

Flash Cards

Cells, tissues and organs

Quiz

Cells, tissues and organs

Worksheets

Cells, tissues and organs

Games

Study Guide Cells, tissues and organs Science, Grade 5

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