Elements & the Periodic Table
Science, Grade 8
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H H 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hydrogen He 2 Helium Ne 10 Neon Ar 18 Argon Kr 36 Krypton Xe 54 Xenon Rn 86 Radon Br Hg Hg 35 Bromine Cl 17 Chlorine F 9 Fluorine O 8 Oxygen N 7 Nitrogen C 6 Carbon B 5 Boron Li 3 Lithium Na 11 Sodium K 19 Potassium Ca 20 Calcium Rb 37 Rubidium Cs 55 Cesium Fr 87 Francium Ra 88 Radium Ac 89 Actinium Rf 104 Rutherfordium Db 105 Dubnium Sg 106 Seaborgium Bh 107 Bohrium Hs 108 Hassium Mt 109 Meitnerium 110 Ununnilium 111 Unununium 112 Ununbium Uub 114 Ununquaternium Uuq Uuu Uun Ba 56 Barium La 57 Lanthanum Hf 72 Hafnium Ta 73 Tantalum W 74 Tungstun Re 75 Rhenium Os 76 Osmium Ir 77 Iridium Pt 78 Platinum Au 79 Gold 80 Mercury Tl 81 Thallium Pb 82 Lead Bi 83 84 Bismuth Po Polonium Sr 38 Strontium Y 39 Yttrium Zr 40 Zirconium Nb 41 Niobium Mo 42 Molybdenum Tc Tc 43 Technetium Ru 44 Ruthenium Rh 45 Rhodium Pd 46 Palladium Ag 47 Silver Cd 48 Cadmium In 49 Indium Sn 50 Tin Sc 21 Scandium Ti 22 Titanium V 23 Vanadium Cr 24 Chromium Mn 25 Manganese Fe 26 Iron Co 27 Cobalt Ni Ni 28 Nickel Cu 29 Copper Zn 30 Zinc Ga 31 Gallium Al 13 Aluminum Mg 12 Magnesium Be 4 Berylium Si 14 Silicon P 15 Phosphorus S 16 Sulfur Se 34 Selenium As 33 Arsenic Ge 32 Germanium Sb 51 Antimony Te 52 Tellurium I 53 Iodine At 85 Astatine column Lanthanids period solid liquid gas unknown metal metalloid nonmetal unknown Ce 58 Cerium Th 90 Thorium Pa 91 Protactinium Pr 59 Praseodymium Nd 60 Neodymium U 92 Uranium Np 93 Neptunium Pm 61 Promethium Sm 62 Samarium Pu 94 Plutonium Am 95 Americium Eu 63 Europium Gd 64 Gadolinium Cm 96 Curium Bk 97 Berkelium Tb 65 Terbium Dy 66 Dysprosium Cf 98 Californium Es 99 Einsteinium Ho 67 Holmium Er 68 Erbium Fm 100 Fermium Md 101 Mendelevium Tm 69 Thulium Yb 70 Ytterbium Lu 71 Lutetium No 102 Nobelium Lr 103 Lawrencium Actinids Chemical Symbol Background © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4804 www.newpathlearning.com Elements & the Periodic Table O 8 Oxygen Element name Chemical Symbol Atomic number Atomic mass 16 Periodic Table of the Elements What are elements? Elements are the basic building blocks of matter. Each element is made up of one type of atom which determines its properties. Each element is represented by a chemical symbol. The Periodic Table groups elements in an organized fashion. Each element has its own unique symbol. Elements in each column have similar chemical properties. Elements in each row are arranged according to the number of protons. The number of protons (atomic number) increases from left to right in each row. Group 1: Alkali Metals These metals are very reactive which are only found in compounds. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals These metals are fairly reactive, conduct electricity and are only found in compounds. Magnesium and calcium are the two most common elements in this group. Group 3-12: Transition Metals These metals are less reactive than metals in Group 1 and 2. They are hard, shiny and good conductors of electricity. Elements such as zinc, cadmium and others in this group are used to make colorful paint compounds. The atomic mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons is the atomic number of that atom. A period is a horizontal row of elements A column of elements is known as a group or family. Hydrogen Hydrogen is set apart from the rest of the elements because of its unique properties. It is the most abundant element in our universe. Group 13: Boron Group Aluminum is the most common element is this group. Group 14: Carbon Family Carbon makes up compounds such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates necessary for all life on Earth. Group 15: Nitrogen Family Nitrogen makes up about 80% of the air in our atmosphere. Group 16: Oxygen Family Oxygen makes up about 20% of the air in our atmosphere. It is necessary for most living things on Earth. Oxygen is also necessary for combustion of any substance. Group 17: Halogens Halogens are very reactive nonmetals which are only found in compounds. Group 18: Noble Gases Noble gases are unreactive nonmetals which are colorless and odorless at room temperature. Some of these gases are used to make “neon” lights. Ea rth ’s Atmosphe re
O 8 Oxygen 16 H H 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hydrogen He 2 Helium Ne 10 Neon Ar 18 Argon Kr 36 Krypton Xe 54 Xenon Rn 86 Radon Br Hg Hg 35 Bromine Cl 17 Chlorine F 9 Fluorine O 8 Oxygen N 7 Nitrogen C 6 Carbon B 5 Boron Li 3 Lithium Na 11 Sodium K 19 Potassium Ca 20 Calcium Rb 37 Rubidium Cs 55 Cesium Fr 87 Francium Ra 88 Radium Ac 89 Actinium Rf 104 Rutherfordium Db 105 Dubnium Sg 106 Seaborgium Bh 107 Bohrium Hs 108 Hassium Mt 109 Meitnerium 110 Ununnilium 111 Unununium 112 Ununbium Uub 114 Ununquaternium Uuq Uuu Uun Ba 56 Barium La 57 Lanthanum Hf 72 Hafnium Ta 73 Tantalum W 74 Tungstun Re 75 Rhenium Os 76 Osmium Ir 77 Iridium Pt 78 Platinum Au 79 Gold 80 Mercury Tl 81 Thallium Pb 82 Lead Bi 83 84 Bismuth Po Polonium Sr 38 Strontium Y 39 Yttrium Zr 40 Zirconium Nb 41 Niobium Mo 42 Molybdenum Tc Tc 43 Technetium Ru 44 Ruthenium Rh 45 Rhodium Pd 46 Palladium Ag 47 Silver Cd 48 Cadmium In 49 Indium Sn 50 Tin Sc 21 Scandium Ti 22 Titanium V 23 Vanadium Cr 24 Chromium Mn 25 Manganese Fe 26 Iron Co 27 Cobalt Ni Ni 28 Nickel Cu 29 Copper Zn 30 Zinc Ga 31 Gallium Al 13 Aluminum Mg 12 Magnesium Be 4 Berylium Si 14 Silicon P 15 Phosphorus S 16 Sulfur Se 34 Selenium As 33 Arsenic Ge 32 Germanium Sb 51 Antimony Te 52 Tellurium I 53 Iodine At 85 Astatine Lanthanids solid liquid gas unknown metal metalloid nonmetal unknown Ce 58 Cerium Th 90 Thorium Pa 91 Protactinium Pr 59 Praseodymium Nd 60 Neodymium U 92 Uranium Np 93 Neptunium Pm 61 Promethium Sm 62 Samarium Pu 94 Plutonium Am 95 Americium Eu 63 Europium Gd 64 Gadolinium Cm 96 Curium Bk 97 Berkelium Tb 65 Terbium Dy 66 Dysprosium Cf 98 Californium Es 99 Einsteinium Ho 67 Holmium Er 68 Erbium Fm 100 Fermium Md 101 Mendelevium Tm 69 Thulium Yb 70 Ytterbium Lu 71 Lutetium No 102 Nobelium Lr 103 Lawrencium Actinids Chemical Symbol Background \|xiBAHBDy01802lz[ © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4804 www.newpathlearning.com Elements & the Periodic Table Periodic Table of the Elements What are elements? ____________________ are the basic building blocks of matter. Each element is made up of one type of _____________________ which determines its properties. Each element is represented by a _____________________ _____________________ . The _____________________ _____________________ groups elements in an organized fashion. Each element has its own unique _____________________. Elements in each _____________________ have similar chemical properties. Elements in each _____________________ are arranged according to the number of protons. The number of protons (atomic number) _____________________ from left to right in each row. Group 1: Alkali Metals _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Group 3-12: Transition Metals _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Hydrogen __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ Group 13: Boron Group ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Group 14: Carbon Family ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Group 15: Nitrogen Family ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Group 16: Oxygen Family ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Group 17: Halogens ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Group 18: Noble Gases ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Key Vocabulary Terms • atomic mass • atomic number • chemical symbol • element • group • matter • neutron • period • proton The atomic mass number is the sum of the ____________________ and ____________________ in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons is the ____________________ ____________________ of that atom. A ____________________ is a horizontal row of elements A column of elements is known as a ____________________ or ____________________ .
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