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Forces & Motion
Physical Science - Middle School
❮
1
/
2
❯
US
A
Gravity
& Motion
Gravity
is
a
type
of
force
that
pulls
objects
toward
each
other
and
toward
the
Earth.
The
amount
of
gravitational
force
depends
upon
the
mass
of
the
objects
and
the
distance
between
them.
The
acceleration
of
an
object
near
the
surface
of
the
Earth
due
to
gravity
is
9.8
m/s2.
If
both
the
acorn
and
leaf
fall
from
the
tree
at
the
same
time,
air
resistance
will
slow
down
the
leaf
and
the
acorn
will
hit
the
ground
first.
In
a
vacuum,
both
will
reach
the
ground
at
the
same
time.
Newton’s
Law
of
Gravitation
All
objects
in
the
universe
apply
a
gravitational
force
(force
of
attraction)
on
other
objects.
The
strength
of
the
gravitational
force
is
dependent
upon
the
mass
of
the
objects
and
the
distance
between
them.
The
larger
the
mass
of
the
objects,
the
larger
the
force
is
between
the
two
objects.
The
farther
away
the
two
objects
are,
the
weaker
the
gravitational
force
is
between
them.
larger
mass
larger
force
similar
size
similar
force
larger
distance
weaker
force
gravity
vacuum
air
resistance
gravity
Momentum
acceleration
acceleration
acceleration
acceleration
What
Is
Force?
Scientists
define
force
as
a
push
or
a
pull.
A
force
is
described
by
its
strength
and
direction
in
which
it
exerts.
A
force
provides
an
object
with
the
energy
to
move,
stop
moving,
or
change
direction.
Newton
(N)
is
the
standard
unit
of
measure
for
force.
Newton’s
Laws
of
Motion
The
scientist
we
usually
think
of
when
we
talk
about
gravity
and
falling
objects
is
Isaac
Newton.
Newton
is
credited
with
the
development
of
three
laws
dealing
with
the
movement
of
objects.
Newton’s
First
Law
of
Motion
An
object
at
rest
tends
to
stay
at
rest
and
an
object
in
motion
tends
to
stay
in
motion
at
the
same
speed
and
in
the
same
direction
unless
a
force
acts
on
it.
When
the
same
force
is
applied
to
both
carts,
the
acceleration
of
the
empty
cart
will
be
greater
than
the
acceleration
of
the
loaded
cart.
Newton’s
Third
Law
of
Motion
For
every
action
there
is
an
equal
and
opposite
reaction.
The
amount
of
motion
that
takes
place
is
momentum.
To
calculate
momentum
you
multiply
the
mass
of
an
object
by
its
velocity.
The
momentum
and
velocity
of
an
object
are
always
in
the
same
direction.
When
groups
of
objects
are
involved,
if
there
is
no
outside
force,
the
total
momentum
of
the
group
does
not
change.
For
example,
in
a
collision
between
two
cars,
momentum
may
be
transferred
from
one
car
to
the
other
but
not
lost.
This
is
referred
to
as
the
Law
of
Conservation
of
Momentum.
Newton’s
Second
Law
of
Motion
Acceleration
is
produced
when
a
force
acts
on
an
object.
Acceleration
of
an
object
depends
on
its
mass
and
the
amount
of
force
applied.
The
relationship
of
acceleration
(a)
to
mass
(m)
and
force
(F)
can
be
expressed
in
mathematical
terms
as
follows:
M
x
V
=
Momentum
object
at
rest
object
in
motion
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4802
www.newpathlearning.com
Forces
& Motion
Key
Vocabulary
Terms
•
acceleration
•
force
•
gravitational
force
•
gravity
•
mass
•
momentum
•
motion
•
Newton
(N)
•
speed
•
velocity
\|xiBAHBDy01803sz\
When
the
same
force
is
applied
to
both
carts,
the
acceleration
of
the
empty
cart
will
be
greater
than
the
acceleration
of
the
loaded
cart.
acceleration
acceleration
acceleration
acceleration
USA
What
Is
Force?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Gravity
& Motion
Define
gravity:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
The
acceleration
of
an
object
near
the
surface
of
the
Earth
due
to
gravity
is
9.8
m/s2.
If
both
the
acorn
and
leaf
fall
from
the
tree
at
the
same
time,
air
resistance
will
slow
down
the
leaf
and
the
acorn
will
hit
the
ground
first.
In
a
vacuum,
both
will
reach
the
ground
at
the
same
time
Newton’s
Laws
of
Motion
Who
is
Isaac
Newton?
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Newton’s
First
Law
of
Motion
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
a
=
or
F
=
x
Newton’s
Law
of
Gravitation
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Newton’s
Third
Law
of
Motion
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
________________________
Momentum
The
amount
of
motion
that
takes
place
is
____________________.
To
calculate
momentum
you
multiply
the
______________
of
an
object
by
its
_________________.
The
momentum
and
velocity
of
an
object
are
always
in
the
same
direction.
When
groups
of
objects
are
involved,
if
there
is
no
outside
force,
the
total
momentum
of
the
group
does
not
change.
For
example,
in
a
collision
between
two
cars,
momentum
may
be
transferred
from
one
car
to
the
other
but
not
lost.
This
is
referred
to
as
the
___________________________________.
Newton’s
Second
Law
of
Motion
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
The
relationship
of
acceleration
(a)
to
mass
(m)
and
force
(F)
can
be
expressed
in
mathematical
terms
as
follows:
x
=
Momentum
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
object
at
rest
object
in
motion
© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4802
www.newpathlearning.com
Forces
& Motion
gravity
vacuum
air
resistance
gravity
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