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Environmental Science EARTH SYSTEMS: INTERCONNECTED SPHERES OF EARTH ENV.ES.1: Biosphere Ecosystems (equilibrium, species interactions, stability)
Evolution and adaptation in populations
ENV.ES.2: Atmosphere Atmospheric properties and currents
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ENV.ES.3: Lithosphere Geologic events and processes
ENV.ES.4: Hydrosphere Oceanic currents and patterns (as they relate to climate)
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Surface and ground water flow patterns and movement
ENV.ES.5: Movement of matter and energy through the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere Energy transformation on global, regional and local scales
Weather
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Climate
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EARTH’S RESOURCES ENV.ER.1: Energy resources Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and efficiency
Mining and resource extraction
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Alternate energy sources and efficiency
ENV.ER.2: Air and air pollution Primary and secondary contaminants
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Greenhouse gases
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ENV.ER.3: Water and water pollution Point source and non-point source contamination
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Potable water and water quality
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Hypoxia, eutrophication
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ENV.ER.4: Soil and land Mass movement and erosion
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Sediment contamination
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ENV.GP: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ENV.GP.1: Human Population
ENV.GP.2: Potable water quality, use and availability
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ENV.GP.3: Climate change
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ENV.GP.6: Air quality
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ENV.GP.8: Deforestation and loss of biodiversity
Physical Geology PG.EH: EARTH’S HISTORY PG.EH.1: The geologic rock record Absolute age Radiometric dating (isotopes, radioactive decay)
Correct uses of radiometric dating
Relative and absolute age
Combining relative and absolute age data
Principles to determine relative age Cross-cutting relationships
The geologic time scale Comprehending geologic time
Climate changes evident through the rock record
PG.ER: EARTH’S RESOURCES PG.ER.1: Energy resources Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and efficiency
Mining and resource extraction
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Alternate energy sources and efficiency
PG.ER.2: Air Primary and secondary contaminants
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Greenhouse gases
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PG.ER.3: Water Potable water and water quality
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Hypoxia, eutrophication
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PG.ER.4: Soil and sediment Mass wasting and erosion
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Sediment and contamination
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PG.GG: GLACIAL GEOLOGY PG.GG.1: Glaciers and glaciation Data from ice cores Historical changes (glacial ages, amounts, locations, particulate matter, correlation to fossil evidence)
Evidence of climate changes throughout Earth’s history
Evidence of past glaciers (including features formed through erosion or deposition)
Glacial structure, formation and movement
Glacial distribution and causes of glaciation
Glacial deposition and erosion (including features formed through erosion or deposition)
Types of glaciers – continental (ice sheets, ice caps), alpine/valley (piedmont, valley, cirque, ice caps)
PG.IMS: IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS PG.IMS.1: Igneous Earth’s interior (inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, Mohorovicic discontinuity, crust)
Mafic and felsic rocks and minerals
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Extrusive (volcanic activity, volcanoes: cinder cones, composite, shield)
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Magnetic reversals and Earth’s magnetic field
Intrusive (igneous structures: dikes, sills, batholiths, pegmatites)
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Bowen’s Reaction Series (continuous and discontinuous branches)
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Thermal energy within the Earth
PG.IMS.2: Metamorphic Parent rock and degrees of metamorphism
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Pressure, stress, temperature and compressional forces
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Metamorphic zones (where metamorphic rocks are found)
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Foliated (regional), non-foliated (contact)
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PG.IMS.3: Sedimentary Division of sedimentary rocks and minerals (chemical, clastic/physical, organic)
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Depositional environments
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PG.IMS.4: Ocean Thermal energy and water density
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Tides (daily, neap and spring)
Passive and active continental margins
Waves
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Currents (deep and shallow, rip and longshore)
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Streams (channels, streambeds, floodplains, cross-bedding, alluvial fans, deltas)
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Ocean features (ridges, trenches, island systems, abyssal zone, shelves, slopes, reefs, island arcs)
PG.M: MINERALS PG.M.1: Atoms and elements
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PG.M.2: Chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic)
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PG.M.3: Crystallinity (crystal structure)
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PG.M.4: Criteria of a mineral (crystalline solid, occurs in nature, inorganic, defined chemical composition)
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PG.M.5: Properties of minerals (hardness, luster, cleavage, streak, crystal shape, fluorescence, flammability, density/specific gravity, malleability)
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PG.PT: PLATE TECTONICS PG.PT.1: Internal Earth Seismic waves Velocities, reflection, refraction of waves
PG.PT.2: Structure of Earth (Note: specific layers were part of grade 8) Composition of each of the layers of Earth
Gravity, magnetism and isostasy
Mohorovicic boundary (Moho)
Thermal energy (geothermal gradient and heat flow)
PG.PT.3: Historical review (Note: this would include a review of continental drift and sea-floor spreading found in grade 8) Paleomagnetism and magnetic anomalies
PG.PT.4: Plate motion (Note: introduced in grade 8) Characteristics of oceanic and continental plates
Causes and evidence of plate motion
Relationship of plate movement and geologic events
Physics P.E: ENERGY P.E.4: Conservation of energy
P.EM: ELECTRICTY AND MAGNETISM P.EM.1: Charging objects (friction, contact and induction)
P.EM.3: Electric fields and electric potential energy
P.EM.4: DC circuits Applying conservation of charge and energy (junction and loop rules)
P.EM.6: Electromagnetic interactions
P.F: MOMENTUM AND MOTION P.F.1: Newton’s laws applied to complex problems
P.F.2: Gravitational force and fields
P.F.4: Friction force (static and kinetic)
P.F.5: Air resistance and drag
P.F.6: Forces in two dimensions Centripetal forces and circular motion
P.F.7: Momentum, impulse and conservation of momentum
P.M: MOTION P.M.2: Problem Solving Using graphs (average velocity, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, displacement, change in velocity)
Uniform acceleration including free fall (initial velocity, final velocity, time, displacement, acceleration, average velocity)
P.W: WAVES P.W.1: Wave properties Refraction
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Interference
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Reflection
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Diffraction
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P.W.2: Light phenomena Ray diagrams (propagation of light)
Wave—particle duality of light
Snell’s law
Visible spectrum of color
Human Anatomy and Physiology Human Anatomy and Physiology
AP.AE: ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION AP.AE.1: Digestive System
AP.AE.2: Respiratory System
AP.IC: INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION AP.IC.2: Special Senses Senses of Taste and Smell
Senses of Hearing and Balance
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AP.IC.3: Endocrine System
AP.LO: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION AP.LO.1: Hierarchy of Organization
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AP.LO.2: Types of Tissues
AP.R: REPRODUCTION AP.R.1: Reproductive System
AP.SM: SUPPORT AND MOTION AP.SM.1: Integumentary System
AP.T: TRANSPORT AP.T.2: Cardiovascular System
AP.T.3: Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Physical Science PS.EW: ENERGY AND WAVES PS.EW.1: Conservation of energy Quantifying kinetic energy
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PS.EW.2: Transfer and transformation of energy (including work)
PS.EW.3: Waves Doppler shift
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Refraction, reflection, diffraction, absorption, superposition
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Radiant energy and the electromagnetic spectrum
PS.EW.4: Thermal energy
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PS.EW.5: Electricity Electric potential (voltage)
Resistors and transfer of energy
PS.FM: FORCES AND MOTION PS.FM.1: Motion Displacement, velocity (constant, average and instantaneous) and acceleration
Interpreting position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs
PS.FM.2: Forces Types of forces (gravity, friction, normal, tension)
Field model for forces at a distance
PS.FM.3: Dynamics (how forces affect motion) Objects moving with constant velocity
PS.M: STUDY OF MATTER PS.M.1: Classification of matter States of matter and its changes
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Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous
PS.M.2: Atoms Models of the atom (components)
Ions (cations and anions)
PS.M.3: Periodic trends of the elements PS.M.4: Bonding and compounds Bonding (ionic and covalent)
PS.M.5: Reactions of matter PS.U: THE UNIVERSE PS.U.1: History of the universe
PS.U.3: Stars Formation: stages of evolution
Biology B.C: CELLS B.C.1: Cell structure and function Structure, function and interrelatedness of cell organelles
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Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
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B.C.2: Cellular processes Characteristics of life regulated by cellular processes
Photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, cellular respiration, biosynthesis of macromolecules
B.DI: DIVERSITY AND INDEPENDENCE OF LIFE B.DI.1: Biodiversity Genetic diversity
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B.DI.2: Ecosystems Equilibrium and disequilibrium
Carrying capacity
B.DI.3: Loss of Diversity B.E: EVOLUTION B.E.2: Speciation Biological classification expanded to molecular evidence
B.H: HEREDITY B.H.1: Cellular genetics
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B.H.2: Structure and function of DNA in cells
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B.H.3: Genetic mechanisms and inheritance
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Chemistry C.IM: INTERACTIONS OF MATTER C.IM.1: Chemical reactions C.IM.2: Gas laws Pressure, volume and temperature
C.PM: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER C.PM.1: Atomic structure Evolution of atomic models/theory
C.PM.4: Representing compounds Models and shapes (Lewis structures, ball and stick, molecular geometries)
C.PM.5: Quantifying matter
C.PM.6: Intermolecular forces of attraction Implications for properties of substances Vapor pressure
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Melting and boiling point
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Solubility