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EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (ESS)
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (ESS)
Topic: Physical Earth - This topic focuses on the physical features of Earth and how they formed. This includes the interior of Earth, the rock record, plate tectonics and landforms.
8.ESS.1: The composition and properties of Earth’s interior are identified by the behavior of seismic waves.
These impacts converted gravitational potential energy to heat. Earth’s core is also able to generate its own thermal energy because of decaying atoms. This continuously releases thermal energy. Thermal energy generated from Earth’s core drives convection
The refraction and reflection of seismic waves as they move through one type of material to another is used to differentiate the layers of Earth’s interior. Earth has a core, a mantle, and a crust. Impacts during planetary formation generated heat.
8.ESS.2: Earth’s lithosphere consists of major and minor tectonic plates that move relative to each other.
Convection currents in the asthenosphere cause movements of the lithospheric plates. The energy that forms convection currents comes from deep within the Earth.
There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. Each type of boundary results in specific motion and causes events (such as earthquakes or volcanic activity) or features (such as mountains or trenches) that are indicat
Historical data and observations such as fossil distribution, paleomagnetism, continental drift and sea-floor spreading contributed to the theory of plate tectonics. The rigid tectonic plates move with the molten rock and magma beneath them in the upper m
8.ESS.4: Evidence of the dynamic changes of Earth’s surface through time is found in the geologic record.
Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Earth history is based on observations of the geologic record and the understanding that processes observed at present day are similar to those that occurred in the past (uniformitarianism). There are differen
Topic: Species and Reproduction - This topic focuses on continuation of the species.
8.LS.1: Diversity of species, a result of variation of traits, occurs through the process of evolution and extinction over many generations. The fossil records provide evidence that changes have occurred in number and types of species.
Changes in environmental conditions can affect how beneficial a trait will be for the survival and reproductive success of an organism or an entire species.
Throughout Earth’s history, extinction of a species has occurred when the environment changes and the individual organisms of that species do not have the traits necessary to survive and reproduce in the changed environment. Most species (approximately 99
8.LS.2: Every organism alive today comes from a long line of ancestors who reproduced successfully every generation.
Reproduction is the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. It can occur with mixing of genes from two individuals (sexual reproduction). It can occur with the transfer of genes from one individual to the next generation (asexual
8.LS.3: The characteristics of an organism are a result of inherited traits received from parent(s).
During reproduction, genetic information (DNA) is transmitted between parent and offspring. In asexual reproduction, the lone parent contributes DNA to the offspring. In sexual reproduction, both parents contribute DNA to the offspring.
Expression of all traits is determined by genes and environmental factors to varying degrees. Many genes influence more than one trait, and many traits are influenced by more than one gene.