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Environmental Science EARTH’S RESOURCES ENV.ER.1: Energy resources Mining and resource extraction
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Alternate energy sources and efficiency
Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and efficiency
ENV.ER.2: Air and air pollution Greenhouse gases
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Primary and secondary contaminants
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ENV.ER.3: Water and water pollution Hypoxia, eutrophication
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Point source and non-point source contamination
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Potable water and water quality
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ENV.ER.4: Soil and land Sediment contamination
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Mass movement and erosion
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EARTH SYSTEMS: INTERCONNECTED SPHERES OF EARTH ENV.ES.1: Biosphere Ecosystems (equilibrium, species interactions, stability)
Evolution and adaptation in populations
ENV.ES.2: Atmosphere Atmospheric properties and currents
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ENV.ES.3: Lithosphere Geologic events and processes
ENV.ES.4: Hydrosphere Surface and ground water flow patterns and movement
Oceanic currents and patterns (as they relate to climate)
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ENV.ES.5: Movement of matter and energy through the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere Weather
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Climate
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Energy transformation on global, regional and local scales
ENV.GP: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ENV.GP.1: Human Population
ENV.GP.2: Potable water quality, use and availability
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ENV.GP.3: Climate change
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ENV.GP.6: Air quality
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ENV.GP.8: Deforestation and loss of biodiversity
Physical Geology PG.EH: EARTH’S HISTORY PG.EH.1: The geologic rock record The geologic time scale Climate changes evident through the rock record
Comprehending geologic time
Absolute age Correct uses of radiometric dating
Radiometric dating (isotopes, radioactive decay)
Combining relative and absolute age data
Relative and absolute age
PG.ER: EARTH’S RESOURCES PG.ER.1: Energy resources Mining and resource extraction
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Alternate energy sources and efficiency
Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and efficiency
PG.ER.2: Air Greenhouse gases
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Primary and secondary contaminants
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PG.ER.3: Water Hypoxia, eutrophication
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Potable water and water quality
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PG.ER.4: Soil and sediment Sediment and contamination
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Mass wasting and erosion
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PG.GG: GLACIAL GEOLOGY PG.GG.1: Glaciers and glaciation Glacial distribution and causes of glaciation
Glacial deposition and erosion (including features formed through erosion or deposition)
Types of glaciers – continental (ice sheets, ice caps), alpine/valley (piedmont, valley, cirque, ice caps)
Data from ice cores Evidence of climate changes throughout Earth’s history
Historical changes (glacial ages, amounts, locations, particulate matter, correlation to fossil evidence)
Evidence of past glaciers (including features formed through erosion or deposition)
Glacial structure, formation and movement
PG.IMS: IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS PG.IMS.1: Igneous Magnetic reversals and Earth’s magnetic field
Intrusive (igneous structures: dikes, sills, batholiths, pegmatites)
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Bowen’s Reaction Series (continuous and discontinuous branches)
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Thermal energy within the Earth
Earth’s interior (inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, Mohorovicic discontinuity, crust)
Mafic and felsic rocks and minerals
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Extrusive (volcanic activity, volcanoes: cinder cones, composite, shield)
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PG.IMS.2: Metamorphic Metamorphic zones (where metamorphic rocks are found)
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Foliated (regional), non-foliated (contact)
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Parent rock and degrees of metamorphism
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Pressure, stress, temperature and compressional forces
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PG.IMS.3: Sedimentary Depositional environments
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Division of sedimentary rocks and minerals (chemical, clastic/physical, organic)
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PG.IMS.4: Ocean Waves
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Currents (deep and shallow, rip and longshore)
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Passive and active continental margins
Thermal energy and water density
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Tides (daily, neap and spring)
Streams (channels, streambeds, floodplains, cross-bedding, alluvial fans, deltas)
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PG.M: MINERALS PG.M.1: Atoms and elements
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PG.M.2: Chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic)
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PG.M.3: Crystallinity (crystal structure)
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PG.M.4: Criteria of a mineral (crystalline solid, occurs in nature, inorganic, defined chemical composition)
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PG.M.5: Properties of minerals (hardness, luster, cleavage, streak, crystal shape, fluorescence, flammability, density/specific gravity, malleability)
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PG.PT: PLATE TECTONICS PG.PT.1: Internal Earth Seismic waves Velocities, reflection, refraction of waves
PG.PT.2: Structure of Earth (Note: specific layers were part of grade 8) Gravity, magnetism and isostasy
Mohorovicic boundary (Moho)
Thermal energy (geothermal gradient and heat flow)
Composition of each of the layers of Earth
PG.PT.3: Historical review (Note: this would include a review of continental drift and sea-floor spreading found in grade 8) Paleomagnetism and magnetic anomalies
PG.PT.4: Plate motion (Note: introduced in grade 8) Relationship of plate movement and geologic events
Characteristics of oceanic and continental plates
Causes and evidence of plate motion
Physics P.E: ENERGY P.E.4: Conservation of energy
P.EM: ELECTRICTY AND MAGNETISM P.EM.1: Charging objects (friction, contact and induction)
P.EM.3: Electric fields and electric potential energy
P.EM.4: DC circuits Applying conservation of charge and energy (junction and loop rules)
P.EM.6: Electromagnetic interactions
P.F: MOMENTUM AND MOTION P.F.1: Newton’s laws applied to complex problems
P.F.2: Gravitational force and fields
P.F.4: Friction force (static and kinetic)
P.F.6: Forces in two dimensions Centripetal forces and circular motion
P.F.7: Momentum, impulse and conservation of momentum
P.M: MOTION P.M.2: Problem Solving Uniform acceleration including free fall (initial velocity, final velocity, time, displacement, acceleration, average velocity)
Using graphs (average velocity, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, displacement, change in velocity)
P.W: WAVES P.W.1: Wave properties Interference
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Reflection
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Diffraction
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Refraction
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P.W.2: Light phenomena Visible spectrum of color
Wave—particle duality of light
Ray diagrams (propagation of light)
Human Anatomy and Physiology Human Anatomy and Physiology
AP.AE: ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION AP.AE.1: Digestive System
AP.AE.2: Respiratory System
AP.IC: INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION AP.IC.2: Special Senses Senses of Hearing and Balance
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AP.IC.3: Endocrine System
AP.LO: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION AP.LO.1: Hierarchy of Organization
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AP.LO.2: Types of Tissues
AP.R: REPRODUCTION AP.R.1: Reproductive System
AP.SM: SUPPORT AND MOTION AP.SM.1: Integumentary System
AP.T: TRANSPORT AP.T.2: Cardiovascular System
AP.T.3: Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Physical Science PS.EW: ENERGY AND WAVES PS.EW.1: Conservation of energy Quantifying kinetic energy
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PS.EW.2: Transfer and transformation of energy (including work)
PS.EW.3: Waves Radiant energy and the electromagnetic spectrum
Doppler shift
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Refraction, reflection, diffraction, absorption, superposition
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PS.EW.4: Thermal energy
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PS.EW.5: Electricity Resistors and transfer of energy
Electric potential (voltage)
PS.FM: FORCES AND MOTION PS.FM.1: Motion Interpreting position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs
Displacement, velocity (constant, average and instantaneous) and acceleration
PS.FM.2: Forces Field model for forces at a distance
Types of forces (gravity, friction, normal, tension)
PS.FM.3: Dynamics (how forces affect motion) Objects moving with constant velocity
PS.M: STUDY OF MATTER PS.M.1: Classification of matter States of matter and its changes
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Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous
PS.M.2: Atoms Ions (cations and anions)
Models of the atom (components)
PS.M.3: Periodic trends of the elements PS.M.4: Bonding and compounds Bonding (ionic and covalent)
PS.M.5: Reactions of matter PS.U: THE UNIVERSE PS.U.1: History of the universe
PS.U.3: Stars Formation: stages of evolution
Biology B.C: CELLS B.C.1: Cell structure and function Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
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Structure, function and interrelatedness of cell organelles
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B.C.2: Cellular processes Photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, cellular respiration, biosynthesis of macromolecules
Characteristics of life regulated by cellular processes
B.DI: DIVERSITY AND INDEPENDENCE OF LIFE B.DI.1: Biodiversity Genetic diversity
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B.DI.2: Ecosystems Equilibrium and disequilibrium
B.DI.3: Loss of Diversity B.E: EVOLUTION B.E.2: Speciation Biological classification expanded to molecular evidence
B.H: HEREDITY B.H.1: Cellular genetics
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B.H.2: Structure and function of DNA in cells
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B.H.3: Genetic mechanisms and inheritance
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Chemistry C.IM: INTERACTIONS OF MATTER C.IM.1: Chemical reactions C.IM.2: Gas laws Pressure, volume and temperature
C.PM: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER C.PM.1: Atomic structure Evolution of atomic models/theory
C.PM.4: Representing compounds Models and shapes (Lewis structures, ball and stick, molecular geometries)
C.PM.5: Quantifying matter
C.PM.6: Intermolecular forces of attraction Implications for properties of substances Vapor pressure
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Melting and boiling point
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