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ESS:Earth and Space Sciences
Earth and Space Sciences
ESS1-MS Earth’s Place in the Universe
Performance Standards
ESS1-MS-1. Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, and seasons.
ESS2-MS-3. Analyze and interpret data on the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to provide evidence of the past plate motions.
ESS2-MS-6. Develop and use a model to describe how unequal heating and rotation of the Earth cause patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates.
ESS3-MS-1. Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes.
ESS3-MS-2. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects.
ESS3-MS-3. Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment.
ESS3-MS-4. Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth’s systems.
LS1-MS Molecules to Organisms: Structure and Processes
Performance Standards
MS-LS1-1. Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells.
MS-LS1-5. Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms.
MS-LS1-6. Develop a model to describe how food is rearranged through chemical reactions forming new molecules that support growth and/or release energy as this matter moves through an organism.
LS3-MS Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
Performance Standards
LS3-MS-1. Develop and use a model to describe why mutations may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism.
LS3-MS-2. Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation.
LS4-MS-3. Analyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the anatomical structures across multiple species of similar classification levels to identify relationships.
LS4-MS-4. Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals’ probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.
LS4-MS-5. Gather and synthesize information about the technologies that have changed the way humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.
LS4-MS-6. Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.
PS1-MS-2. Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.
PS1-MS-4. Develop a model that predicts and describes changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed.
PS2-MS Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions
Performance Standards
PS2-MS-2. Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
PS2-MS-5. Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact.
PS3-MS-1. Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.
PS3-MS-3. Apply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer.
PS3-MS-4. Plan an investigation to determine the relationships among the energy transferred, the type of matter, the mass, and the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles as measured by the temperature of the sample.
PS3-MS-5. Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.
PS4-MS-1. Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave.
PS4-MS-3. Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information to support the claim that digitized signals are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information than analog signals.