Organ systems

Science, Grade 4

Organ systems

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Organ systems

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Study Guide Organ systems Science, Grade 4

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ORGAN SYSTEMS Systems Work Together Your body is made up of many organs and systems that all work together to keep your body running properly. Each of the systems in your body has its own individual job to do but each system depends on the other systems in order to work properly. The Skeletal System The human skeletal system is made up of bones that support the entire body. Without our bones, we would be just a blob of skin and organs on the floor. Our bones also help protect important organs such as the heart, lungs, and brain inside the body. The human skeletal system is made up of 206 bones that are of all different shapes and sizes. Lesson Checkpoint: How many bones does a human skeleton have? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
The Muscular System The muscular system is made up of muscles that are attached to your skeletal system. Your muscles help you move all your body parts. Most of your muscles in your body are skeletal muscles, which helps your skeleton move. The muscular system consists of voluntary muscles, which are muscles you can control, like the muscles you move to chew your gum. The muscular system also consists of involuntary muscles, which are muscles you can’t control, such as your heart. Your heart is a muscle! Your heart beats for you…you don’t have to make it beat. Lesson Checkpoint: What are involuntary muscles? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
The Circulatory System The circulatory system is made up of three parts, the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Your circulatory system’s main function is to move blood throughout your body. Blood carries important nutrients and gets rid of waste. So the circulatory system is an important one since it makes the blood move all around your body! The heart is the MAIN part of the circulatory system. The right side of your heart collects blood filled with carbon dioxide from your body and pumps it your lungs where then carbon dioxide is breathed out of your body. The left side of the heart collects blood from the lungs that is filled with oxygen and then pumps it to your body. In with the oxygen, out with the carbon dioxide! Lesson Checkpoint: Which side of your heart pumps blood to your lungs to remove the carbon dioxide and receive fresh oxygen? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
The Respiratory System The main function of the respiratory system is to supply our bodies with oxygen that we need in order to survive and to let out carbon dioxide. The word respiration simply means the process of breathing--that’s easy enough! The respiratory system is made up of a trachea, bronchial tubes, a diaphragm, and the lungs. Lesson Checkpoint: What is respiration? The Digestive System The main function of the digestive system is to break food down into small nutrients to help the body survive and thrive. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into nutrients so that they can be used by the body. Digestion begins right away in your mouth. Food that is swallowed goes through your esophagus where the muscles push the food down to the stomach. Then the food goes to the small intestines, where most of the digestion takes place! Lesson Checkpoint: What is digestion? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
The Nervous System The nervous system controls all of your body’s systems and organs. Your brain is the main part of your body’s nervous system; it is like a command center. It controls all the systems and organs of the body and keep them working properly. The brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and the nerves. Your spinal cord is like the main communication highway of your body! All parts of nervous system contain neurons which are cells that pass along signals to and from your brain and your nervous system. Lesson Checkpoint: What is the function of your spinal cord? The Excretory System When you have to go, you have to go. Everyone does it; everyone gets rid of their bodies’ wastes in several ways. The excretory system in your body gets rid of all your body’s waste. The skin, intestines, kidneys, liver, lungs, and sweat glands are the main organs of this system. Lesson Checkpoint: What is the function of the excretory system? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.
Our bodies have special defense systems that help protect us from harmful microorganisms, sicknesses, and diseases. Your body’s first layer of protection that acts as a barrier to keep harmful microorganisms out is your skin. Your body has its own defense system too, known as your immune system. Your immune system is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs that defend your body against germs. You may remember going to the doctor and getting a shot! That may hurt a bit, but those shots help protect you against certain diseases. A vaccine is medicine that protects you from certain diseases. A vaccination is a shot given that contains a vaccine against a certain disease, such as the measles. Lesson Checkpoint: What is a vaccine? © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted for the purchaser to print copies for non-commercial educational purposes only. Visit us at www.NewPathLearning.com.